Chapter 11 covered temporary fasteners (bolts, nuts) that can be taken apart again. This chapter covers the opposite: rivets and welds — permanent joints, drawn in section using the same conventions you learned to read in Mechanical Analytical.
Almost every large steel structure you can think of — ships, bridges, pressure vessels, aircraft skins, vehicle bodies — relies on permanent fastening somewhere in its construction. Bolts are convenient for anything that needs routine maintenance access, but for a joint that must never leak, never loosen under vibration, and never come apart, riveting and welding are the two classical answers.
Riveting predates modern welding by centuries and is still used where heat-affected distortion or a change in the metal's properties can't be tolerated — classic riveted structures include older bridges, boilers and aircraft skins. Welding fuses the parent metal itself, restoring much closer to full material strength, and is now the default choice for most new structural steelwork, pressure vessels and vehicle bodies.
Each exercise below prints as a full-scale A3 sheet — the same format used in EGD practical assessments. The reference thumbnail shows the completed drawing; redraw it full-size on paper using correct line types and hatching conventions. Use your printer's "Actual Size" setting (not "Fit to Page").