Engineering Graphics & Design

SANS line types, lettering, set-square angles, the drawing sheet, copying parts to scale, dimensioning and hatching: the skills every other chapter uses.

Lettering, line types, and freehand sketching on raster and isometric grids — hand movement, proportion, and the box method for circles.

Line types (A/B/C), bisecting lines and angles, tangents, regular polygons, and the helix — built step by step with a compass and straightedge.

3rd-angle multi-view mechanical drawing — front/top/side views, full/half sections, auxiliary views, break lines, removed sections, and an introductory bolted assembly.

Pictorial 3D representation on isometric axes — isometric vs non-isometric lines and angles, isometric circles, polygons and cylinders, sectioned isometric, and building a pictorial from given orthographic views.

1st-angle orthographic views of prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones — true shapes of oblique cuts, a cone frustum, and prismatic/pyramidal holes revealed by sectioning.

True length and true inclination of line segments to the HP and VP — by the right-triangle, rotation and auxiliary-view methods — plus true angles between lines and a practical worked example.

Single-storey floor plans and sectional elevations to SANS 0143 — walls, doors, windows, plumbing and electrical symbols, roof and window detail, drainage, and load-bearing wall convention.

One-point perspective of dwellings — bird's-eye/natural/worm's-eye views, doors and windows with correctly projected reveals, an overhanging roof, a circular feature, and a full worked dwelling.

Simple circuit diagrams using standard electrical and electronic component symbols, wired to correct drafting convention.

The Design Process and the three PAT phases that tie every drawing skill from this course together into one assessed project.

Grade 11-12: 3rd-angle assembly drawings — hexagonal bolts and nuts, simplified thread convention, correct sectioning of fasteners, and a numbered parts list.

Grade 11-12: cam profiles (wedge and roller followers, all three motion laws), loci of points on a mechanism, and the helix — plus the live Cam & Loci Simulator.

Grade 11-12: the curve where two pipes or solids intersect, and the flat "unrolled" development pattern for cylinders, prisms, cones and pyramids.

Grade 11-12: hoppers and ducting that connect two different cross-sections — square-to-square and round-to-square — developed using true lengths and triangulation.

Grade 10-12: a reading & interpretation chapter — dimensioning and tolerance symbols, thread callouts, surface finish, welding symbols, GD&T, hole notes and parts lists.

Grade 10-12: a reading & interpretation chapter — site plans, floor plans, door/window schedules, electrical & plumbing symbols, sections, roof plans and civil levels.

Grade 12: permanent fasteners — riveted lap and double-strap butt joints, pitch & edge-distance dimensioning, fillet and butt-welded sections, and spot welding.

Grade 11-12: two-point perspective — two vanishing points, true-height transfer, equal bay division, doors, windows, a gable roof, and horizon-height views.

Grade 11-12: deeper sectioning — half-sections, the rib convention, isometric dimensioning, blind holes, exploded views, and fully sectioned assemblies.

Grade 11-12: construction detail — staircases, strip foundations, retaining walls, a two-storey section, septic/soakaway drainage, balustrade safety detailing, tanking, and a full working drawing set.

Fourteen exam-style drawings with marking rubrics. Released by your teacher, or opened when you finish each chapter.

Reference sheets, step by step: drawing a nut, bolt, washer and locknut to standard proportions; the triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon and ellipse; and the civil symbol sheets.